However, these strategies create some issues, including the challenges of cost and extensive infrastructure and maintenance for cold chain transport, especially for deep freezing. There are two main strategies currently used to improve virus stability: cold chain storage and freeze-drying. Nevertheless, the stability of these enveloped and nonenveloped model viruses in storage formulations is poorly understood, and virus research and human infectious disease research often employ animal-derived virus models in the virus families. The lipid envelope plays a crucial role in virus lability and typically requires a temperature lower than 4 ☌ for short- or long-term storage. The latter is more thermostable than the former group. Viruses can be placed in two main categories based on the presence or absence of a lipid envelope around their capsid, which classifies them as an enveloped or nonenveloped virus, respectively. Many viruses used for medical research or therapeutic purposes exhibit a lack of thermostability in ambient environments. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. (2020).Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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